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Santo Antônio Dam
The Santo Antônio Dam is a hydroelectric dam on the Madeira River southwest of Porto Velho in the state of Rondônia, Brazil. The dam's run-of-the-river hydroelectric power station will have 50 turbines each rated at 71.6 MW resulting in a total installed capacity of 3,580 MW. The first unit began commercial production in March 2012,〔(HydroWorld: Developing Santo Antonio: A Focus on Sustainability )〕 and as of June 2015 a total of 32 units are operational, with completion scheduled for November 2016.〔http://www.santoantonioenergia.com.br/energia/energia1/〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.gdfsuez.com/en/activities/our-energies/hydraulic-energy/the-future-with-hydraulic-energy/ )〕 Most of the power will be exported to south-eastern Brazil via the Rio Madeira HVDC system.
The dam is part of a planned four power plant Madeira river hydroelectric complex, which will consist of two dams in Brazil (Santo Antônio and 3,750 MW Jirau Dam about 100 km upstream), a third on the border of Brazil and Bolivia (Guayaramerin), and a fourth station inside Bolivia (Cachuela Esperanza). The Jirau Dam is currently under construction, while the smaller upstream dams are still in the planning stages. In part due to the 2001-2002 power shortage in Brazil, construction of both dams was accelerated in 2009. The total estimated cost of the two facilities currently under construction is $15.6 billion ($7 billion for Santo Antônio), including about $10 billion for the civil engineering and power plants, and $5 billion for ship locks, transmission lines, and environmental re-mediation.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.waterworld.com/index/display/article-display/318309/articles/water-wastewater-international/volume-22/issue-6/editorial-spotlight/brazil-to-build-156-billion-in-dams-in-amazon-region.html )〕 The Madeira river hydroelectric complex is part of the Initiative for the Integration of the Regional Infrastructure of South America, an effort by South American governments to integrate the continent's infrastructure with new investments in transportation, energy, and communication.
==Design==
The Santo Antônio Dam is designed as a run-of-the-river hydroelectric dam and power plant. The dam itself is tall and long, creating a reservoir with a surface area of , of which is the previously existing river channel. The dam's power plant consists of 50 Kaplane-bulb turbines turbines, each capable of 71.6MW (total installed capacity of 3,580 MW) divided into four sets. The original project called for 44 turbines, but this was expanded in 2013. The power plant will have a maximum discharge of . The dam will have two spillways; one on the main section and an auxiliary on the southern abutment. Both spillways will have a combined maximum discharge of to control reservoir levels. The dam will also support two fish ladders and a shipping lock.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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